chap basic text formating

example.tex

@@ -119,6 +119,120 @@
 
 
 % now we can begin with the actuall relevant content. So let'S beginn by creating the first chapter:
+\chapter{Basic text formatting} \label{chap: formating}
+
+	To begin I want to show you the basics of how to get text onto the page and structure it. You can also see how I created this exact text as an
+	example.
+
+	\section{Headings} \label{sec: headings}
+		The exact commands available will vary depending on you your documentclass, but they will always be a single command that excepts any text
+		inside curly brackets, for example \lstinline|\section{text}|. The different commands form a hierarchy you can nest into each other, keeping
+		track of its parent element. That means you don't have to worry about any formatting or numbering, LaTeX will handle that for you.
+
+		When using an \emph{article} documentclass, the commands available are \lstinline|\section{}|, \lstinline|\subsection{}| and
+		\lstinline|\subsubsection{}|. Should you need more nesting levels, you are usually overcomplicating things, but you could additionally use the
+		\lstinline|\paragraph{}| command, which gives you a slightly bigger, bold first word for your paragraph.
+
+		The \emph{report} documentclass adds the additional command \lstinline|\chapter{}| as the highest heading level. You can still use the previous
+		three commands for the nested headings. A chapter automatically starts on a new page, so it should be at leas two pages long. You also get the
+		command \lstinline|\part{}|, which creates a separate page for the part's title. These should only be used in very long documents.
+
+	\section{Text paragraphs} \label{sec: paragraphs}
+		Latex will format any text that is not part of a command (so not prefixes with a \lstinline|\| or inside \lstinline|{}|) as a plain-text
+		paragraph. So the layout in your source code does not influence the layout of the resulting PDF. If you wanted to you could put everything on
+		a single line, and it would work. This wouldn't be very readable however, so you should format your source code at leas a little. Putting
+		every sentences on a new line is very common, or you can configure your editor to automatically break when the line gets to long (this is
+		preconfigured if you open this project in VS Code).
+
+		LaTeX will also automatically format your text to fill up all the available space and break long words for you. Sometimes, if you use special
+		words LaTeX doesn't know, you may need to tell it where to split those. For one off cases you can just put \lstinline|\-| where you want a
+		break and for words you use a lot you can declare the hyphenation in the preamble as a space separated list, for example like this:
+		\lstinline|\hyphenation{word list donau-dampf-schiff}|
+
+		Lots of online sources will list the double-backslash (\lstinline|\\|) as the command for a line break. While this is not wrong, you should
+		not use it to break your text. Instead, you should use \lstinline|\par| to denote the end of a paragraph. As programmers are lazy, LaTeX will
+		actually insert this command for you, if you just leave an empty line between to blocks of text. Using the correct command allows LaTeX to
+		better find automatic breakpoints, allows you to define the spacing between paragraph and has some other benefits.
+
+	\section{Text spacing} \label{sec: spacing}
+		By default, these classes add no spacing between paragraph, but sometimes you want to visually enforce a breakpoint in your argumentation. For
+		that you can add some space in between to paragraph by using one of the commands \lstinline|\bigskip|, \lstinline|\medskip| or
+		\lstinline|\smallskip|. How much space you want depends on your tase, but you should keep it consistent. Here is an example:
+
+		\bigskip
+		This text has a big space before it,
+
+		\medskip
+		Here I used just some medium spacing
+
+		\smallskip
+		and this is a small space.
+
+	\section{Breaking pages} \label{sec: pagebreak}
+		Sometimes you will find yourself in situations, where you don't like where LaTeX splits your text to the next page. So first, take some
+		advice: Don't worry about it for now. Your text will probably change a few times before its final. Just leave it.
+
+		If you are at the final stage, you can do a beautifying pass. Now you can use \lstinline|\pagebreak| to tell LaTeX about better places to
+		break the text.
+
+		Should you still not be happy (this happens especially with multiple images/tables in close proximity) you most likely have to little text and
+		should redesign your document. But if you absolutely want to print it that way, you can use \lstinline|\clearpage| to force all
+		figures/tables to be put onto the page and then start a new page.
+
+	\section{Text styling} \label{sec: styling}
+		When writing text, you will need to \emph{emphasize} certain parts of the text. The easiest way is to use the \lstinline|\emph{}| command
+		around you text. You can also nest it \emph{to \emph{emphasize} even more}.
+
+		If you want to change to a specific font-type, you can do that like this:
+
+		\smallskip
+		\begin{tabular}{l l}
+			\lstinline|\underline{text}| & \underline{Underlined} \\
+			\lstinline|\textbf{text}| & \textbf{Bold Font} \\
+			\lstinline|\textii{text}| & \textit{Italic Font} \\
+			\lstinline|\textrm{text}| & \textrm{Roman Font} \\
+			\lstinline|\texttt{text}| & \texttt{Typewriter Font} \\
+			\lstinline|\textsc{text}| & \texttt{Small Caps Font} \\
+		\end{tabular}
+
+		\medskip
+		You might also want to change your text colour, which is what the \lstinline{color} package is for. It provides the
+		\lstinline|textcolor{colour}{text}| command, \textcolor{red}{which allows you} \textcolor{blue}{to change your text colour}.
+
+	\pagebreak
+	\section{Special characters} \label{sec: special-charaters}
+
+		\subsection{LaTeX command characters}
+			As in most programming languages, some characters are used for LaTeXes commands and can't be used in text directly. Here is a table
+			explaining them all:
+
+			\smallskip
+			\begin{tabular}{l l l}
+				\emph{character} & \emph{special meaning} & \emph{how to get character} \\
+				\textbackslash & beginning of a command & \lstinline|\textbackslash| \\
+				\{ and \} & denote a code block & \lstinline|\{| and \lstinline|\}|\\
+				\% & beginning of a comment & \lstinline|\%| \\
+				\# & macro parameter character & \lstinline|\#| \\
+				\$ & beginning/end of math mode & \lstinline|\$| \\
+				\textasciitilde & non-breaking space & \lstinline|\textasciitilde| \\
+				\emph{only inside math mode:} \\
+				$\_$ & subscript & \lstinline|\_| \\
+				\textasciicircum & superscript & \lstinline|\textasciicircum| \\
+			\end{tabular}
+
+		\subsection{Invisible characters}
+			To properly typeset your text you may need a number of special characters under specific circumstances:
+
+			\smallskip
+			\begin{tabular}{l l l}
+				\emph{explanation} & \emph{command} & \emph{example} \\
+				non-breaking space & \lstinline|~| & Max~Mustermann (Names shouldn't be broken) \\
+				3/4 non-breaking space & \lstinline|\;| & 10\;000 (separate thousands)\\
+				medium non-breaking space & \lstinline|\:| & z.\:B. (abbreviations) \\
+				1/2 non-breaking space & \lstinline|\,| & 1\,V (number + unit) \\
+			\end{tabular}
+
+
 \chapter{Examples} \label{chap: one}
 	{\color{red}red text} and {\color{blue}blue text} \\
 	different subscripts: \normalsubscripts$R_t$ \upsubscripts$R_t$ \\